数词
大纲要求
基数词及其用法;序数词的构成及其用法;分数词的构成;小数的用法。
一、基数词及其主要用法
表示数目的词称基数词。15 fifteen，几百几千不加s，242 two hundred and forty-two，5,058 five thousand and fifty-eight，9,600,000 nine million six hundred thousand
1.基数词可以用于数字的计算。
6+8=14 Six plus eight is fourteen.
9-7=2 Nine minus seven is two.
7X5= 35 Seven times five is thirty-five.
8÷4=2 Eight divided by four is two.
2.基数词可以表示人的大致年龄和年代。
He died in his fifties.
This took place in 1990s/1990’s.
The professor became successful in his thirties.
3.基数词可以用来表达年份、时间、电话号码。
1700 seventeen hundred
1814 eighteen fourteen
9:20 nine twenty
11:30 eleven thirty/ half past eleven
5:45 five forty-five/ a quarter to six
88760231 eight eight seven, six zero two, three one
4.基数词可以用于编号。
Number six，line 4，page 19，Bus(No.) 332，Platform (No.) 5，Room 101
5.基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词，在句子中作定语。
A one-month-old baby can recognize its mother by smell.
This eleven-month-old baby can speak a few words.
(The baby is eleven months old.)
The teacher asked us to write a four-thousand-word essay as our homework.
(There are four thousand words in the essay.)
This four-paragraph essay is too difficult for me to understand.
(There are four paragraphs in this essay. )
二、序数词及其主要用法
表示顺序的词称为序数词。如first，second，third，fourth，ninth，twenty-first，forty-fifth等。
序数词可以用来表示日期和世纪。May the first / the first of May(5.1)，August the eighth / the eighth of August(8.8)，the twentieth century，the twenty-first century
序数词在句子中前面一般加the
The first of October is our National Day.
She was the third to arrive.
序数词在句子中前面加不定冠词，表示“再一”又一“。
They’ll have to do it a second time.
Shall I ask him a third time?
When he sat down, a fourth man rose to ask.
三、分数词的构成
分数的分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，若分子大于1，分母需用复数。
two-thirds(2/3)，one-third(1/3)，nine-tenths (9/10)，five-twelfths(5/12)。
特殊表达法有：one half (1/2)，a quarter (1/4)，three quarters (3/4)
考试重点
基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词，在句子中作定语，名词不能加s.
数词部分需特别注意dozen，hundred，million，billion 等词。表示具体数字时，这些词用单数形式，表示不具体的数字时，须用dozens of，hundreds of 这类的结构。
I want three dozen of these.
He has been there dozens of times.
It is reported that _____ people in this area were saved in the storm.
A. hundred B. hundred of C. hundreds of D. some hundreds
(答案C)
当数词与名词及其他词构成合成形容词时，合成形容词中间若用连字符，则其中的名词须用单数形式。
The homework for the next period is to write a two-hundred-word composition about your hometown.
Mary is an eleven-year-old girl.
(Mary is eleven years old.)
典型例题
1. In ______ century computers will be used more widely.
A. twenty-one B. the twenty-one C. twenty-first D. the twenty-first
序数词前加the.
答案D
2. The meeting will be held in _______ .
A. 112 Room B. Room 112 C. the 112 Room D. the Room 112
答案B
3. The Great Wall of China is about 6，700 _______.
A. kilometer long B. kilometers long
C. kilometer longer D. kilometers longer
答案B
4. “How many presidents were there before Abraham Lincoln?”
“Fifteen, so he was ______.”
A. the sixteen president B. the sixteenth president
C. president sixteen D. president the sixteenth
the sixteenth president 第十六任总统
答案B
5. “What did the professor tell you to do?”
“I had to write a ______ report. ”
A. two thousand words B. two-thousands-word
C. two-thousand-word D. two-thousand words
答案C
6. “Did you buy anything at the clothing sale?”
“Yes, I bought three _____ ties for just twelve dollars.”
A. five dollars B. five-dollars C. five-dollar D. fifth dollar
答案C
7. Eight minus three _______ five.
A. leave B. leaves C. left D. has left
一般现在时
答案B
8. What date is it ? It’s ________.
A. July twentieth-first B. July the twenty-first
C. the twenty-first of July D. Both B and C
7月21日：July the twenty-first
the twenty-first of July
答案：D
9. When he was in his ________，he got the chance to go abroad to study.
A. forty B. forty’s
C. forty’s years old D. forties
答案：D
10. “Rex told me you have moved.”
“Yes, into a _______.”
A. two-storey house B. house of two story
C. house of two stories D. two-stories house
答案：A
11. “I would like to register this letter.”
“Please go to _______ on your left.”
A. third window B. window third
C. the window three D. the third window
register 挂号，邮寄
答案：D
形容词与副词
大纲要求：
形容词与副词掌握比较级的构成及其用法。
一、形容词在句子中的作用
1、形容词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子应当行为规矩。(定语)
I like this red dress very much.(定语)
She is beautiful. (表语)
The patient is asleep. (表语)
Who has got the window open? (宾语补足语)
I’ve got everything ready for the class. (宾语补足语)
I said it would happen，and sure enough it did happen.(独立成分)
2、大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但有少数形容词只能作表语。
This is a red dress. The dress is red.
alike，afraid，alone，asleep，awake，aware，alive，ashamed，unable，content.
二、副词在句子中的作用
副词在句子中主要作状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子。
Unfortunately, he wasn’t at home when I came. (修饰整个句子)
Luckily, she wasn’t injured in the accident.(修饰整个句子)
Her pronunciation is very good.(修饰形容词)
I have been extremely busy these days.(修饰形容词)
I can hardly agree with you.(修饰动词)
He works terribly (quite) hard. (修饰副词)
三、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
1.单音节词和少数双音节词(如以y结尾的)在词尾加-er ，-est.
如：small，smaller，smallest; great，greater，greatest; clever，cleverer，cleverest; quiet，quieter，quietest ; common，commoner，commonest; narrow，narrower，narrowest.
2、以e结尾的词加-r ，-st .
如：larger，larger ，largest ; simple，simpler ，simplest ; polite，politer ，politest; brave，braver，bravest; fine，finer，finest.
3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i 再加-er ，-est .
如：busy，busier，busiest; heavy，heavier，heaviest; happy，happier，happiest.
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的词，双写该辅音字母，再加-er，-est .(一个辅音字母结尾; 重读闭音节)
如：big，bigger，biggest; thin，thinner，thinnest; hot，hotter，hottest.
双音节词，多音节词比较级和最高级在词前加more，most.
如：difficult，more difficult，most difficult，interesting，more interesting，most interesting; useful，more useful，most useful.
特殊的比较级和最高级
四、形容词和副词比较级的用法
1、比较级常与than引导的状语从句连用，表示与什么相比。
This room is bigger than any other one in the hotel.
为了避免重复，从句常用一些代词。
比较必须是两个相同的成分。
Everyday he arrives earlier than anyone else in the company.
Small oranges are usually sweeter than big ones.
It is better to be prepared than unprepared.
This is easier said than done.
She is taller than I(me).
I meet with more difficulties than she does.
The girls in my class are more active than those in his class.
1、有than 就要考虑比较级。
2、比较的成分要完全一致。
2、“比较级+and+比较级”，表示“越来越…”。
My father walked faster and faster until I could no longer keep up with him .
keep up with \跟上，赶上
no longer=not any longer
My father walked faster and faster until I couldn’t keep up with him any longer. (not 用来否定动词)
Our country is getting stronger and stronger.
Things are getting better and better every day.
I’m getting more and more interested in arts.
get interested in 对……感兴趣
3.“the +比较级…，the+比较级”，表示“越是…就越…”。
The more haste, the less speed. 欲速则不达。
The harder she works, the more progress she makes.
make progress 取得进步
The more I study it, the more I like it.
Actually, the busier he is, the happier he feels.
The more preparation you do now, the less nervous you’ll be before the exam.
The sooner you start, the faster you’ll be finished.
五、形容词和副词最高级的用法
最高级的前面通常要加定冠词，副词最高级前面的定冠词可以省略。最高级在使用时通常有一个短语或从句表示比较的范围。
Of all the places I’ve visited, I like Hangzhou best.
This is the worst movie I’ve ever seen.
Beijing is one of the largest cities in the world.
For me, Tuesday is one of the busiest day in the week.
Among all the students, he runs (the) fastest.
比较级前面有时也加the ，表示两者之间“较…的一个”。
Both of the two girls are beautiful, but I think the taller one is more beautiful of the two.
The five-year-old boy chose the more expensive of the two toys.
六、“as+原级+as”，“not as / so +原级+as”
“as+原级+as”，表示“和…一样…”，“not as / so +原级+as”表示“不及…”。
He is as good a swimmer as any of us.
注意good 的位置
He’s as tall as I.
It is not as hot in Beijing as in Wuhan.
He does not smoke so heavily as his father.
French is just as difficult a language as English.
She is as good a cook as her mother.
I have never seen so beautiful a place as Hangzhou.
never 否定含义
类似的还有：hardly，little，few
“as+原级+as one can”和“as +原级+as possible”表示“尽可能地…”。
Come as soon as possible.
There is nothing we can do but wait as calmly as we can.
there is nothing…but…，but后一定跟动词原形
“as+原级+as”可以用来表示倍数。
My new coat cost me four times as much as the old one.
先说倍数，然后在as+原级+as
cost 花费，主语是物。spend，主语是人。
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
spend in doing sth.
spend on sth.
This room is twice as large as that one.
This room is twice larger than that one.
七、比较级、最高级和“as+原级+as”前面都可以有表示程度的状语。
The sun is much bigger than the earth.
错误：The sun is more bigger than the earth.
She is by far the cleverest girl in our class.
by far 到目前为止
Its becoming the third largest city in the country.
They have many more chemistry books than we.
There is much more water in this jar than that one.
They will come back a little earlier.
This time she ran a good deal faster.
Tom is six centimeters taller than John.
Of all the workers in the factory, Alice is by far the most skilled.
重点掌握：
1、只能作表语的形容词。
2、特殊形容词、副词的比较级和最高级。
3、比较级多用than，个别情况下用of the two.比较时，前后成分一定一致。
4、the +比较级…，the+比较级
5、as+原级+as ，not as / so +原级+as
6、“as+原级+as”可以用来表示倍数。
He is almost as tall as his brother.
My father isn’t as old as he looks.
This word is used less frequently in British English than in American English.
Spanish people usually speak more quickly than English people.
Winter is drawing near. Its getting colder and colder.
The more you practise writing, the better you will do it.
The more work we give our brains, the more work it is able to do.
典型例题：
1. We are not _______ to afford a car yet.
A. enough money B. money enough
C. rich enough D. enough rich
1、enough 作为形容词放在可数复数名词和不可数名词前。
Have you got enough sandwiches for lunch?
Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have coffee.
2、enough 作为代词。
Six bottles of wine will be enough.
I hope enough of you are prepared to help with the show.
3、enough 作为副词，放在动词、形容词和其他副词的后面。
You don’t practice enough at the piano.
Is the river deep enough for swimming (to swim in)?
She isn’t good enough for the exam.
答案C
2. “It’s six o’clock and your father is still at the office.”
“I know, who else would _______ he does?”
A. be as hard working as B. as working harder than
C. do harder work than D. work as hard as
as+原级+as
答案D
3. “Ralph seems to like this country.”
“Yes, he is _______ here as he was at home.”
A. almost as happy B. as happy almost
C. as almost happy D. almost happy as
as+原级+as
almost (already)放在系动词be的后面，其他动词的前面。
答案 A
4. They say Mexico City is more populous than _______ in the world.
A. any city B. any other city
C. any else city D. any rest city
populous 人口众多的
单数一定要跟单数比。
答案B
5. Most of the students have made _______ progress in their study of English than we first expected.
A. more great B. more greater
C. far greater D. far more greater
答案C
6. General George Brown was older than _________ in his regiment (军团)。
A. any officer B. any other officer
C. any others officer D. any officer else
答案B
7. The French seem far more interested in reading about Africa _______ about their nearest neighbors.
A. as B. than C. the same D. so
more 为比较级，只能than
答案B
8. It usually takes much _______ time to fly from one country to another than to travel by train.
A. more B. less C. little D. least
有than，肯定是比较级。
答案B
9. Frank plays _________ Alex.
A. a lot more better than B. much more better than
C. a lot better than D. much more well than
答案C
10. Have you finished your homework? This lesson is ________ than the last one.
A. more easier B. more easy
C. very easier D. much easier
答案D
11. Young people regard Bob Dylan as _________ other musicians.
A. more better than B. more superior than
C. superior to D. more perfect to
superior 没有比较级。
superior to 优于
答案C
12. “Won’t you have more meat?”
“No, thanks. I’ve had ________ enough already.”
A. beyond B. more than
C. greater than D. plenty of
more than happy(glad) to do sth. 高兴做某事
I am more than happy to take you there in my car.
答案B
13. I’d like to leave my car near here. Where’s the ______，please?
A. nearest parking B. next parking
C. nearest car parking D. next car park
答案A/C?
14. The harder they worked，____________.
A. they seemed to do less B. the less they seemed to do
C. they were doing less D. they did less
the +比较级…，the+比较级
答案B
15. “Do you enjoy the new camera?”
“Yes, _______, the more skilled I become.”
A. as I take more pictures B. the more pictures I take
C. as more pictures I take D. the pictures I take more
the +比较级…，the+比较级
答案B
16. The more we looked at the abstract painting, _______.
A. the less we liked it B. we like it less
C. better we liked it D. it looked better
the +比较级…，the+比较级
答案A
17. The new large passenger jets have made the traffic problems at airports _______.
A. more bad than it was B. the worse than before
C. worse than ever before D. more bad than they were
make+名词+形容词使……成为，变为
The news makes her happy.
His actions make him universally respected.
答案C
18. Of the two lectures, the first was by far the _______.
A. good B. better C. best D. worst
by far跟形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用时，放在这类词的后面。
如果这类词带有冠词，放前，放后都可以。
It is quicker by far to go by train.
She is the best by far. (She is by far the best.)
答案B
19. Kansas is _________ states in Americas mid-west.
A. one of the flattest B. the flattest
C. as flatter as D. flattest of the
答案A
20. On the day he was to give his speech, Paul was suffering from one of _______ colds he had ever had.
A. bad B. worse C. the worst D. bad of all
答案C
suffer from 遭受……罪
21. The steel output of this year will be bigger than _____ last year.
A. this of B. the one C. that of D. those of
output 产量
指上文提到的用that或those.
答案C
22. Japan has taken a more independent stand ________.
A. as it does before B. as it did before
C. than it does a few years ago D. than it did a few years ago
stand 立场
答案D
23. Her English is very good. She can speak English better than _____ in her grade.
A. any one B. the one
C. anyone else D. other student
other的用法：
1、other常跟名词复数或单数不可数名词连用。
Moral beauty ought to be ranked above all other beauty.
2、前面有the，this，that，some，any，each，every，no，none，one以及形容词性物主代词时，other可跟单数名词连用。
Every member must bring one other person.
There must be some other reason for him refusing to help.
another的用法：another表示单数概念，后面接单数名词或代词one.
Don’t say another word.
another也可跟前面有数词的复数名词连用。
He went back to work too soon, and was laid up(lay up 卧床的）for another three months.
one…the other…一个…另一个…
one…another…(同组内的两个个体)
答案C
24. The new model costs twice ________ last year’s .
A. more than B. as much as C. as many as D. than
“as+原级+as”可以用来表示倍数。
The new model costs twice more than last years.
答案B
25. This one isn’t good. That one is _______ worse.
A. more B. very C. quite D. even
quite后面只能跟原级。This one is quite bad.
very的用法：
1、用于形容词、副词前，加强语气。(非常，十分)
very quickly，very soon
2、用于形容词最高级或own之前。(十足，完全)
the very best quality，six o’clock at the very latest
3、very 表示正是……Sitting in the very same seat.
答案D
介词
考试大纲要求：
1、常用介词及其词义;
2、介词与某些动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配;
3、介词短语及其用法。
介词在句子中不能独立充当一个成分，往往和后面的宾语共同构成句子的成分。介词与名词、形容词、动词有着固定的搭配。
常用介词用法：
1. across(穿过)
My mother lives across the street.
I came across him yesterday. (come across偶然遇到)
The post office is just across the street.
2. after(在……之后)
The children went to bed after saying good night to their parents.
Who will look after your baby while you’re away?
(look after 照看，照料，take care of)
The girl is named after her mother.
(name after 以……命名)
Rewrite the sentences after the model. (模仿，仿照)
3. against(反对)
What you are doing is against the rule.
We are against the proposal. (be against 反对)
Nobody has got anything against you.
4. along(沿着)
They walked along Nanjing Road.
There is a cinema along the street.
I’m getting along/ on well with my classmates.
5. around(围绕)
We all drew up closely around him.
The guide showed us around the city.
(show sb. around 领某人参观)
6. at(在……)
Lets meet at the station.
She was at a conference.
The committee is to meet at the weekend.
He joined up at eighteen.(join up 参军)
What are you laughing at? (laugh at 嘲笑)
Lets have a look at the picture. (have a look at 看一看)
My mother was surprised at the news.(be surprised at 吃惊)
He is good at mathematics.(be good at 擅长)
He is good at drawing.
7. before(在……之前)
Don’t put the cart before the horse. 不要本末倒置。
Pride comes before a fall. 骄傲就会摔跤。
Before starting the work，we had a discussion.
Before long，the war broke out. (break out 爆发)
I bought the book the day before yesterday.
8. besides (除…之外还)
There are six students in the classroom besides me.
Besides fun and good exercise，swimming is a very useful skill.
9. between(在……之间)
Come between ten and eleven o’clock.
They don’t know the difference between wheat and oats.
(among 用于三者或三者以上)
Whats the difference between them?
10. beyond(在……之外)
The lake is beyond that mountain.
Don’t go beyond the city boundary. (go beyond 超过)
Its expensive and beyond our reach.
The city is beyond recognition. (beyond recognition 面目全非)
The problem is too difficult. Its beyond me.
This is inevitable and beyond all doubts. 这是必然的，毫无疑义的。
11. but ((除…之外)
Who but a fool would do such a thing?
I have nothing but a book in my hand.
I’m the last but one to get here.
12.by(经过)
She passed by me without saying goodbye to me.
The woman is standing by the door.
By the time we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of the year, we have trained 400 people.
I came here by taxi. (by bus，by plane，by ship，on foot)
The girl isn’t an actress by profession. (actor 男演员)
Whats the time by your watch?
This novel is written by Charles Dickens.
Consumer goods production will go up by 6 % this year.
I met him by chance yesterday. (by chance 偶尔碰到)
We all have to abide by the rules. (abide by 遵守)
By the way, where is the teacher? (by the way 顺便说一下)
In order to pass the exam, we have to learn the texts by heart.
At the age of ten she began to live by herself.(by oneself 独自)
13. except (除去)
None of us have seen the film except my sister.
He comes to school every day except Saturday.
She is alone in the world except for her mother.
14. for(为了)
After supper I always go out for a walk.
(go out for a walk 散步)
Thank you for spending so much time listening to me explain.
Thank you for spending so much time listening to my explanation.
Forgive me for being late. (表原因)
I’m sorry for what has happened.
The coat is for sale. (for sale 出售)
This is a book for you.
Whenever she is in trouble, she’ll turn to her parents for help.
(be in trouble 处在困难之中turn to 向某人求助)
We left Beijing for Shanghai last week. (leave…for…动身去)
I have studied English for three years.
I sold the flat for 100，000 yuan.
(flat，apartment 公寓，house 别墅，room 房间)
How much do you pay for the coat? (pay for 付款)
Its hard for me to get rid of all the rats. (get rid of 消灭，消除)
I’m looking for my book.
find(找到)：I’m looking for my book，but I cant find it.
I do this all for your good. (for ones good 为了某人好)
Who are you waiting for? (wait for 等待)
They do this for the sake of their mother.
(for the sake of 因为)
15. from(来自……)
We’ve learnt a lot from our teacher.
They are busy from morning to night.(from……to……从……到……)
The letter is from your parents.
I have been away from home for a long time.
(be away from home 离开家)
(be from 来自) I’m from China.
The film we saw yesterday was different from the novel.
(be different from 与……不同，differ from)
The wine is made from the best grapes.
make from 化学变化
make of 物理变化The desk is made of wood.
make sth. up 由……组成
Animal bodies are made up of cells.
Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities.
make with sth. 迅速拿出或提供某物
Make with the beers，buster. 伙计，拿啤酒来。
make for 为……做……
She made coffee for all of us.
Millions of people are suffering from the war.(suffer from 遭受)
He is weak from lack of sleep. (lack of 缺乏)
I disagree with them from the beginning.
(disagree with 不同意agree with 同意)
I try to prevent them from doing the work，but in vain.
(prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事)
(in vain 毫无作用，徒劳)
The situation is getting from bad to worse.
The guest is talking from beginning to the end.
16. in(在……里)
She was born in 1980.
Well be back in three days.
( He came back three days ago.)
Do you work in the daytime or at night?
Well be back in no time. (in no time 立刻，马上)
He is in his early thirties. (in ones thirties 三十多岁)
He is always in a good mood.
(in a good mood 情绪很好in a bad mood 情绪很糟)
I have no difficulty/ trouble in solving the problem.
(no difficulty in doing sth. 没有困难)
Did you have any difficulty in finding the hotel?
Can you write in English?
They have done it in a wrong way. (in a wrong way 错误的方式)
They accepted the plan in principle. (in principle 原则上)
17. into(进入)
Lets go into the room.
I worked far into the night.
The house has been turned into a museum.(turn into 变成)
We must put these theories into practice.
They all burst into laughter. (burst into 爆发)
At the news，my sister burst into tears.
(burst into tears 放声大哭)
I ran into my former classmate at the station. We havent seen each other for a long time.
(run into 偶然碰到，偶然遇到)
18. like(像……)
He likes its mother. 他喜欢他的母亲。
The baby looks like its mother.
It looks like snow.
Whats the weather like today?
I don’t feel like eating anything.
What does it look(taste) like?
19. of(……的)
He is a friend of mine.
Have you got the Complete Works of Lu Hsun?
Were of the same opinion. (be of 赞同)
Electricity is of great use in industry and everyday life.
(be of use=be useful)
Your help is of great value to us.
(be of value=be valuable)
I often think of the days we spent together. (think of 想起)
I read it quite by chance in a magazine. (by chance 偶然)
Its very kind of you to remind me of it.
(Its very kind of sb.
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事)
The picture reminds me of the time we spent together in Dalian.
Were proud of our son. (be proud of 以……为骄傲)
The little boy is afraid of dogs. (be afraid of 害怕)
Its just waste of time.
He is ashamed of his past. (be ashamed of 羞耻，惭愧)
The village is short of water. (be short of 缺少)
I do all these of my own will. (of ones own 出于某人的意愿)
20. on(在……上)
You hit the nail on the head. 你这话击中了要害。
Put the book on the shelf，please.
My mother was born on April 14，1947.
(哪一年用in，具体到某一天用on)
He left Beijing for home on the morning of July 2.
(in the morning ，具体到某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on )
On the eve of their departure，they gave a farewell banquet.
(on the eve of 在……前夕)
We usually get up late on Sunday morning.
On his return he told us about the meeting.
They will go on a visit to Asia. (go on a visit=visit )
He is here on business. (be on business 做生意)
She is away on a trip. (on a trip 旅行)
The workers at the airport is on strike. (be on strike 罢工)
When we came back，we found our house on fire.
(on fire 着火)
The professor is making a speech on the current situation.(关于)
This house is on sale. (on sale 出售)
Who’s on duty today?
The girl insists on leaving home and depends on herself for a living.
(insist on 坚持depend on 依靠，依赖)
21. out of(出于)
Looking out of the window，I saw a girl turn round the corner.
They came out of the room to welcome us.
My brother has been out of the hospital for a week.
(be out of the hospital 出院be in hospital 住院)
He did it out of gratitude for us.
We helped the poor boy out of sympathy.
Please get out of the way. 别挡道。
All of us were out of breath when we got to the top of the mountain.
(be out of breath 气喘吁吁)
The coat is out of date. (be out of date 过时)
My mother is out of work now. (be out of work 失业)
22. since(自从)
They have been close friends since childhood.(从儿童时期他们就是好朋友)
We’ve always been on guard since then.(be on guard 警惕)
I got to know him last year，and have been writing to each
other since then.
23. through(通过、穿过)
There is a path through the garden.
I’ve gone through the book.(go through 看过浏览过)
She must have been through a lot.(be through 受罪)
We quickly saw through his trick.(see through 看穿)
How soon will you be through? (be through 打电话)
You’re through now.你的电话接通了。
He began to look through the album.(look through 翻阅)
The couple went through many hardships.(go through 经历)
Shes ill all through September.
24. to
All roads lead to Rome.
Did you go to the exhibition last week?
Well change the date to July 10.(to 到什么时间)
Lets drink to your health.(drink to 为什么干杯)
Don’t leave things to the last moment.(to the last moment 到最后一刻)
I must apologize to you.
Happy Christmas! The same to you.
You’re awfully nice to me.
Hainan lies to the south of Guangdong.(lie on，lie in )
To our surprise，she gave up the opportunity.(to ones
surprise 使某人感到惊奇give up 放弃)
The final score is 3：5 in our favor.
To our surprise，everything in the room is in good order.(be in good order 秩序井然)
25. under(在……的下面)
Some girls are singing under the trees.
The road is under repair.(be under repair 正在修理)
From here，we can see the bridge under construction.
Scientists believe that they will get weather under control
some day.(under control 在控制之中)
The proposal is now under discussion.(proposal 提案)
The unpopular mayor is under constant attack in the newspapers.
26. with(和……)
Who was that with you? 你刚才和谁在一起?
Our teacher is strict with us.(be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求)
My father is always patient with me.(be patient with 对某人有耐心)
Were satisfied with our work.(be satisfied with 对……满意)
She is discussing the idea with her tutor.
Were familiar with each other.(be familiar with 熟悉similar to 相似)
Her eyes were filled with tears.(be filled with 充满)
Hes in bed with flu.
The ground was covered with snow.
The street is crowded with people.(be crowed with 拥挤)
He wanted to kill two birds with one stone.( 一举两得)
The girl greeted me with a smile.
The young man with glasses over there is my brother.
Whats the matter with you?
I found the place with great difficulty.(with great difficulty费很大劲)
Its hot outside. He was working there with only a T-shirt on.
The girl was sitting in a chair with her hands folded.
介词考试重点：
除了要掌握介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配外，还需牢记一个基本点即，介词后面接的是宾语，因此跟在其后面的主要是代词、名词或动名词及其词组，间或是宾语从句。
①I’m looking forward ____ you tomorrow.
A.to see B. to seeing C. seeing D. see
look forward to doing
答案B
②I always arrive at the office in time, but _______ the heavy rain, I’m one hour late this morning.
A.because B. because of C. as D. since
because、as、since接句子
答案B
③This weekly schedule will make you more aware of how you spend your time.
aware of意识到
④Ill speak to him about it.
speak to sb. 对某人谈话
典型例题：
1. When the taxi came I put out my head, but it just went ______ me without stopping.
A. off B. over C. through D. past
put out my head(伸出头)
go out(下车)
go over (复习)
go through (碾过去)
past (经过)
答案D
2. His ears are highly sensitive ________ any unusual sound in the machine.
A. of B. on C. to D. by
sensitive to (对……敏感)
答案C
3. He might have been killed _______ the arrival of the police.
A. except for B. but for C. with D. for
except for (除了)
but for (要不是)
with (和……在一起)
for (因为)
except for：除了……之外The road was empty except for a few cars.
but for：倘无，要不是，表虚拟语气。But for the doctors skill, he would have died.
But for the rain, we should have had a very pleasant journey.
答案B
4. Japan is __________ the east of China.
A. at B in C. over D. to
答案D
5. Try some of this tobacco. You’ll say its second ______ none.
A. of B. with C. to D. but
second to none=as good as the best (不亚于任何人或事物)
As a dancer, she is second to none.
答案C
6. He sold his car _________ $2，000 .
A. for B. over C. in D. by
答案A
7. “Wasn’t John supposed to be here by now?”
“Don’t worry. He’ll be here _______ twenty minutes.”
A. by at least B. around C. at nearly D. in about
答案D
8. “Could you find an answer to your problem in the book I gave you?”
“I looked at it, but it wasn’t really _______.”
A. much used B. able to use C. of usefulness D. of much use
to ……的答案key to my room(我屋子的钥匙)
be of use=be useful
答案D
9. “Are you done with the book I gave you?”
“Not quite. I’ve read all ______ the last chapter.”
A. but B. until C. just D. yet
but 除了
until 直到
just 刚好
yet 还没有
but=except
but：主要与no one ，none，nothing，nobody等否定词用;who，where，what等疑问词;all，everyone，everything，anyone，anything，及everywhere等连用。
Who but George would do such a thing?
Isn’t there anything but mountains?
except+句子;except for+n.
except+n. 时主要与no one ，none，nothing，nobody等否定词用;all，everyone，everything，anyone，anything，及everywhere等连用。不与who，where，what等疑问词连用
答案A
10. I agree with him ________ , but not entirely.
A. until a certain point B. to some point
C. to some extent D. until a certain extent
to some extent(在某种程度上)
答案C
11. My parents are not interested in modern music. They are _______ the times.
A. before B. behind C. after D. against
答案B
12. I’m rather anxious _______ her ，for I haven’t heard from her for a long time.
A. toward B. about C. in D. over
be anxious about
hear from sb.(收到某人来信)
答案B
13. Who is responsible _______ the arrangements?
A. for make B. to make C. to making D. for making
be responsible for
答案D
14. “Edward was terribly impolite to Miss Smith.”
“Yes, he should be ________ himself.”
A. sorry for B. sorry about
C. ashamed with D. ashamed of
be impolite to sb(对某人没有礼貌)
be ashamed of(感到羞愧)
be sorry for/about sth. 自责Arent you sorry for/ about what youve done?
be/feel sorry for sb.
(1) 同情I feel sorry for anyone who has to drive in this bad weather?
(2)对某人有些不赞成，怜悯某人If he doesn’t realize the consequences of his actions, I’m sorry for him.
答案D
15. I am disappointed with the new officers elected in our club, but there is no point ______ about it.
A. complain B. in complaining C. for us complain D. with us to complain
no point in doing sth.
point：价值There’s not much point in complaining, they never take any notice.
答案B
16. To say that someone’s work is not good is to find fault ______ it .
A. of B. with C. for D. on
find fault with(对……找缺点)
答案B
17. The airport is five miles ________ .
A. away from here B. far from here
C. far away from here D. from here away
away from (离……远)
答案A
18. Tom has been _______ the telephone for two hours.
A. on B in C. at D. for
be on the telephone 接电话
答案A
19. _______ fun and exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
A. Beside B. Besides C. Except for D. But for
beside(在……旁边)
besides(除了)
except for(除了)
but for(要不是)
Three others went there besides me.
Everyone went there except me.
答案B
20. _______ the heavy snow last night, none of the classes have been canceled at the university.
A. Despite of B. In spite of C. In spite D. Despite with
in spite of=despite(尽管)
答案B
21. The movie we saw last night was very different _______ the novel.
A. of B. to C. from D. with
be different from
答案C
22. I prefer writing a term paper _______ taking an examination.
A. than B. to C. for D. rather than
prefer to
prefer+n.to+n.
I prefer coffee to tea.
prefer+doing to+ doing
答案B
23. The picture reminds me _______ the time we spent together in New York.
A. of B. in C. for D. to
remind sb. of sth.
答案A
24. From here we can see the bridge _______ construction.
A. below B. by C. under D. with
under construction：在建设中
The new railway is still under construction.
答案C
连词
大纲要求
并列连词及其用法;从属连词及其用法。连词在句子中起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。连词分为并列连词和从属连词，从属连词用于复合句中。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或分句。
常见连词用法
1.but(但是)
“I wont go. ”“But you’ve told me you would.”
“Can I help you?”“I’m afraid the box is too heavy for you，but thank you all the same.”
2. yet(然而)
They got to know each other a month ago, yet they have been in deep love now. (be in love 相爱)
She has her weaknesses, yet that doesn’t mean she is not qualified for the job.(be qualified for 胜任)
She is not a native speaker, yet her French is adequate for the job.(be adequate for 胜任)
3. however(然而)
The text is difficult. It is, however, not beyond the reach of the students.
At first the girl refused to go with him. Later，however，she changed her mind.
4. for(因为)
You’d better put on your coat, for its rather cold outside.
It must be snowing, for it is so bright outside.
The old man sat in front of the fire most of the day, for it was very cold.
5. so(所以)
I have lived in Wuhan for five years, so I’m used to the life here.(be used to+n或doing 习惯于……I’m used to getting up early in the morning.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事I used to teach in the school. I used to get up late in the morning.)
It was already rather late, so we decided to go home.
My mother is expecting me, so I must be off now.
Mary earns a good salary, so she cant be deep in debt.
(be in debt 陷于债务之中)
6. and(并且)
Try your best and you’ll succeed this time.(succeed是动词，successful是形容词，success是名词)
He shook his head and went away.(shook的原型是shake)
7. then(然后)
First they only quarreled, and then they began to fight.
Use your brain，and then you’ll find a way.
8. or(或者)
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
You may do it yourself, or ask someone else to do it.
He hardly ever goes to the cinema or the theatre.
9. otherwise(否则)
She was in a hurry that morning. Otherwise she would have stopped to talk with you.
You’d better take more exercise, otherwise you’ll get fat.
10. either …or(或者……或者)
You can come either today or tomorrow.
You may either stay here or go with me.
11. neither，nor，neither…nor
I don’t know the answer，neither/nor does she.
(否定句+neither/nor+倒装句)
She couldn’t speak German, neither/nor could anyone else in the class.
I don’t want to do it, nor do I want you to do it.
She could neither speak English nor write it.
We work neither for fame nor for personal gains.
We neither know nor care what has happened.
12. both…and (两者都)
Shes looking for opportunities both here and abroad.
(opportunity 机会)
The prospects both excited and worried me.
13. not only …but also(不但……而且)
not only …but also连接的句子成分一定要一致
The boy not only lost the money but also came close to losing his life.
He is like his mother not only in appearance but also in character.(not only+介词+名词，but also+介词+名词)
14. as well as(也怎么样)
We have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays.
The kind man gave me some advice as well as some money.
15. nevertheless(然而)
She has failed many times，nevertheless she is confident she will succeed in the end.
16. therefore(因此)
You’re in the right, therefore we should support you.
17. hence(因此)
The word is an uncountable noun and is used in a general sense, hence(therefore) it takes no article.
典型例题：
1. “I thought he hated the TV.”
“You are right，_______ he still watches the program.”
A. yet B. besides C. also D. then
yet 然而
besides 除了
also不是连词，不能连接句子
He is a teacher. I’m also a teacher.
then 然后
答案A
2. “You should put the money in the bank.”
“It’s my money, _______ I can do whatever I want with it. ”
A. but B. so C. yet D. or
but 除了
so 所以
yet 然而
or 或者
答案B
3. We must leave the party at exactly 9：00，________ we’ll be late for work.
A. for else B. other C. else D. otherwise
for else(没有这种搭配)
other+n
else(不单独使用)
otherwise(否则)
答案D
4. Both Mary and Ellen, ________ Jane, are studying nursing at the University of Toledo.
A. as well as B. well C. as well D. and well as
as well as (也，并且)
well (好)
as well (无此用法)
and well as (无此用法)
答案A
5. You can fly to London this evening _______ you don’t mind changing planes in Paris.
A. unless B. except C. so far as D. if
mind doing sth.
unless (除非)
except (除了)
in so far as (到什么什么程度)so far (迄今为止)
if (如果)
答案D
6. The patients will have to wait all day _______ the doctor works faster.
A. if B. whether C. unless D. that
if (如果)
whether(是否)
unless(除非)
答案C
7. She remained silent，_______ her heart was heavy and her spirit low.
A. so B. though C. for D. therefore
so (所以)
though(尽管)
for (因为)
therefore (因此)
答案C
8. In the world no country has exactly the same folk music ________ that of any other countries.
A. with B. as C. to D. like
the same as 和……一样
as：连词。谈到人或事物彼此都有相同点时表示比较This is the same one as that you had before.
Like：介词。Like me，she enjoys all kinds of music. She enjoys all kinds of music，as I do.
在口语中like 可以做连词=as Nobody understands him like/ as I do.
答案B
9. My brother likes country music, _______ I like pop music.
A. when B. where C. while D. because
when (当……时候)
where (在哪儿)
while (当……时候;相反)
because (因为)
答案C
10. ________ it is very late now, the students are still working in the lab.
A. As B. When C. If D. Although
as 因为
when 当……时候
if 如果
although 尽管
答案D
考试重点
连词分为从属连词和并列连词，从属连词用来连接各类从句，并列连词用来表示并列句之间转折、因果、并列、选择、递进等关系。考生应了解常见连词的意思，根据句子上下文的需要进行恰当的选择。
1.The boy wanted to play football. _____, it was raining and he stayed at home.
A. And B. But C. So D. For
and(并且); but (但是);so (所以);for (因为)
答案B
2.The couple have lived in China for five years，so they have got used to the life here.
3.I wonder if you have met my sister.(if 是否)
4.The research results show that the earth goes a little faster _______ it is closer to the sun.
A. as if B. so that C. than D. when
as if (仿佛);so that (以便，为了);so……that(如此……以至于);
than (连接比较级);when (当……时候)
答案D
5.________ I haven’t seen the film, I know very little about it.
A. After B. Although C. As D. Before
after (在什么之后);although (尽管);as (因为);before (在……之前)
because和so不能同时用as和so不能连用
答案C